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Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. AMD is an American multinational semiconductor company based in Santa Clara, California , that develops computer processors and related technologies for business and consumer markets. While it initially manufactured its own processors, the company later outsourced its manufacturing, a practice known as going fabless , after GlobalFoundries was spun off in AMD's main products include microprocessors , motherboard chipsets , embedded processors , graphics processors , and FPGAs for servers , workstations , personal computers, and embedded system applications.
Advanced Micro Devices was formally incorporated by Jerry Sanders , along with seven of his colleagues from Fairchild Semiconductor , on May 1, He later decided to leave to start his own semiconductor company, [4] following the footsteps of Robert Noyce developer of the first silicon integrated circuit at Fairchild in [5] and Gordon Moore , who together founded the semiconductor company Intel in July In November , the company manufactured its first product: the Am, a 4-bit MSI shift register , which began selling in AMD went public in September Intel had created the first microprocessor , its 4-bit , in In , AMD entered into a joint venture with Siemens , a German engineering conglomerate wishing to enhance its technology expertise and enter the American market.
Intel had introduced the first x86 microprocessors in The technical information and licenses needed to make and sell a part would be exchanged for a royalty to the developing company. The company continued to spend greatly on research and development, [55] and in addition to other breakthrough products, created the world's first K EPROM in By mid, the microchip market experienced a severe downturn, mainly due to long-term aggressive trade practices dumping from Japan, but also due to a crowded and non-innovative chip market in the United States.
In , it introduced its own compatible Am , an AMD-designed chip. Creating its own chips, AMD began to compete directly with Intel. AMD had a large, successful flash memory business, even during the dotcom bust. The transaction was completed on October 25, The partnership and spin-off gave AMD an infusion of cash and allowed it to focus solely on chip design.
On October 8, , AMD announced that Rory Read had stepped down after three years as president and chief executive officer. Effective July 1, , AMD reorganized into two business groups: Computing and Graphics, which primarily includes desktop and notebook processors and chipsets, discrete GPUs, and professional graphics; and Enterprise, Embedded, and Semi-Custom, which primarily includes server and embedded processors, dense servers, semi-custom SoC products including solutions for gaming consoles , engineering services, and royalties.
Zen core architecture In February , AMD signed a contract with Intel , becoming a licensed second-source manufacturer of and processors. AMD later produced the Am under the same arrangement.
In , Intel internally decided to no longer cooperate with AMD in supplying product information in order to shore up its advantage in the marketplace, and delayed and eventually refused to convey the technical details of the Intel Another long legal dispute followed, ending in when the Supreme Court of California sided with the arbitrator and AMD. In , AMD introduced the first of the Am family of processors, [16] which proved popular with a large number of original equipment manufacturers , including Compaq , which signed an exclusive agreement using the Am Finally, in an agreement effective , AMD received the rights to the microcode in Intel's x and x processor families, but not the rights to the microcode in the following generations of processors.
AMD's first in-house x86 processor was the K5 , launched in This itself was a reference to Intel's hegemony over the market, i. Trademark and Patent Office had ruled that mere numbers could not be trademarked. AMD gave the NexGen design team their own building, left them alone, and gave them time and money to rework the Nx The result was the K6 processor, introduced in Unlike previous AMD processors, it could not be used on the same motherboards as Intel's, due to licensing issues surrounding Intel's Slot 1 connector, and instead used a Slot A connector, referenced to the Alpha processor bus.
It has since been migrated upward to all new sockets, up to AM3. On October 9, , the Athlon XP was released. The K8 was a major revision of the K7 architecture, with the most notable features being the addition of a bit extension to the x86 instruction set called x , AMD64, or x64 , the incorporation of an on-chip memory controller, and the implementation of an extremely high performance point-to-point interconnect called HyperTransport , as part of the Direct Connect Architecture.
The technology was initially launched as the Opteron server-oriented processor on April 22, Further updates involved improvements to the microarchitecture, and a shift of the target market from mainstream desktop systems to value dual-core desktop systems.
In , AMD started to release dual-core Sempron processors exclusively in China, branded as the Sempron series, with lower HyperTransport speed and smaller L2 cache.
AMD completed its dual-core product portfolio for each market segment. K10 processors came in dual-core, triple-core , [] and quad-core versions, with all cores on a single die. The Phenom II resolved issues that the original Phenom had, including a low clock speed, a small L3 cache, and a Cool'n'Quiet bug that decreased performance. It included AMD's "turbo core" technology, which allows the processor to automatically switch from 6 cores to 3 faster cores when more pure speed is needed.
The Magny Cours and Lisbon server parts were released in Magny Cours is focused on performance while the Lisbon part is focused on high performance per watt. This will use a new G34 socket for dual and quad-socket processors and thus will be marketed as Opteron 61xx series processors. Lisbon uses C32 socket certified for dual-socket use or single socket use only and thus will be marketed as Opteron 41xx processors. Both will be built on a 45 nm SOI process.
The initiative intended to move some of the processing originally done on the CPU e. Llano was the second APU released, [] targeted at the mainstream market. AMD suffered an unexpected decrease in revenue based on production problems for the Llano. These range from the lower-performance A4 chipset to the A6, A8, and A These all incorporate Next-generation Radeon graphics cards, with the A4 utilizing the base Radeon HD chip and the rest using a Radeon R4 graphics card, with the exception of the highest-model A10 A which uses an R6 graphics card.
This family 15h microarchitecture is the successor to the family 10h K10 microarchitecture design. Bulldozer was a clean-sheet design, not a development of earlier processors. AMD claimed dramatic performance-per-watt efficiency improvements in high-performance computing HPC applications with Bulldozer cores. While hopes were high that Bulldozer would bring AMD to be performance-competitive with Intel once more, most benchmarks were disappointing.
In some cases the new Bulldozer products were slower than the K10 models they were built to replace. The Piledriver microarchitecture was the successor to Bulldozer, increasing clock speeds and performance relative to its predecessor. In , the Excavator microarchitecture replaced Piledriver. The Bobcat microarchitecture was revealed during a speech from AMD executive vice-president Henri Richard in Computex and was put into production during the first quarter of In , AMD announced it was working on an ARM architecture products, both as a semi-custom product and server product.
In , AMD also announced the K12 custom core for release in While ARM architecture development continued, products based on K12 were subsequently delayed with no release planned, in preference to the development of AMD's x86 based Zen microarchitecture. Zen is a new architecture for x based Ryzen series CPUs and APUs, introduced in by AMD and built from the ground up by a team led by Jim Keller , beginning with his arrival in , and taping out before his departure in September Because of this, Zen is much more energy efficient.
Also new for this architecture is the implementation of simultaneous multithreading SMT technology, something Intel has had for years on some of their processors with their proprietary Hyper-Threading implementation of SMT.
This is a departure from the " Clustered MultiThreading " design introduced with the Bulldozer architecture. Zen also has support for DDR4 memory. Radeon R series Radeon HD series a. Radeon HD series b. Radeon HD series Radeon Rx series Radeon RX series Radeon RX Vega series released Radeon RX series released ATI Technologies Inc. In , the Mach64 accelerator debuted, powering the Graphics Xpression and Graphics Pro Turbo, offering hardware support for YUV -to- RGB color space conversion in addition to hardware zoom; early techniques of hardware-based video acceleration.
This chip was based on the Mach 64, but it featured elemental 3D acceleration. The All-in-Wonder product line, introduced in , was the first combination of integrated graphics chip with TV tuner card and the first chip that enabled display of computer graphics on a TV set.
ATI entered the mobile computing sector by introducing 3D-graphics acceleration to laptops in The Mobility product line had to meet requirements different from those of desktop PCs, such as minimized power usage, reduced heat output, TMDS output capabilities for laptop screens, and maximized integration. The Radeon line of graphics products was unveiled in The initial Radeon graphics processing unit offered an all-new design with DirectX 7.
Technology developed for a specific Radeon generation could be built in varying levels of features and performance in order to provide products suited for the entire market range, from high-end to budget to mobile versions. They also created a modified version of the chip codenamed Hollywood for the successor of the GameCube , the Wii. Later in , ATI acquired Terayon's cable modem silicon intellectual property , strengthening their lead in the consumer digital television market.
Ho remained as Chairman of the Board until he retired in November This design replaced the previous fixed-function hardware of previous graphics cards with multipurpose, programmable shaders. Three generations of TeraScale would be designed and used in parts from to Customers pay a non-recurring engineering fee for design and development, and a purchase price for the resulting semi-custom products.
In particular, AMD noted their unique position of offering both x86 and graphics intellectual property. Before the launch of Athlon 64 processors in , AMD designed chipsets for their processors spanning the K6 and K7 processor generations.
The situation changed in with the release of Athlon 64 processors, and AMD chose not to further design its own chipsets for its desktop processors while opening the desktop platform to allow other firms to design chipsets. The initiative went further with the release of Opteron server processors as AMD stopped the design of server chipsets in after releasing the AMD chipset, and again opened the server platform for firms to develop chipsets for Opteron processors.
As of today, [ when? As the company completed the acquisition of ATI Technologies in , the firm gained the ATI design team for chipsets which previously designed the Radeon Xpress and the Radeon Xpress chipsets.
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